{"id":1180,"date":"2026-10-06T08:11:14","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T00:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chengrongtimes.com\/?p=1180"},"modified":"2026-10-06T08:11:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T00:11:16","slug":"drinking-water-minerals-ro-vs-ultrafiltration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chengrongtimes.com\/?p=1180","title":{"rendered":"Drinking Water Minerals: RO vs. Ultrafiltration"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does Drinking Water Really Have No Value for Mineral Supplementation? Understanding Calcium and Magnesium Through RO Desalination and Remineralization<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a very popular claim online:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMinerals can be obtained from food, so there is no real value in getting minerals from drinking water.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This argument may sound reasonable, but when we look at it from the perspective of <strong>reverse osmosis (RO) water purification, seawater desalination, minerals in drinking water, and human nutritional intake<\/strong>, the situation is not that simple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let\u2019s start with the conclusion:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Drinking water is not the only way for the human body to obtain minerals, but it is certainly not a pathway that can simply be ignored.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is also why countries in the Gulf region that adopted RO seawater desalination technology on a large scale relatively early do not simply send \u201cpure water\u201d into their drinking-water systems after desalination. Instead, they generally carry out <strong>remineralization<\/strong>, restoring calcium, magnesium, and other key water-quality components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, Saudi Arabia has included the magnesium content of desalinated water in its national guideline value, requiring <strong>magnesium \u22655 mg\/L<\/strong>. The product-water specification used internally by the Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) is <strong>15\u201425 mg\/L<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The World Health Organization (WHO), in its 2005 report <em>Nutrients in Drinking Water<\/em>, also specifically discussed calcium, magnesium, and other nutrients in drinking water, and pointed out that <strong>demineralized water may not be suitable for long-term drinking before it is remineralized.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the minerals in water really had \u201cno value,\u201d then why do seawater desalination systems add some minerals back after desalination?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This question is more worth discussing than simply arguing about whether \u201cdrinking water can supplement minerals.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Disclosure: I work with ultrafiltration products and related technologies, so I have a relevant business interest. However, this article is not intended to sell products. The figures, standards, and experimental data presented here come from publicly available information or existing test data, and readers can verify and judge them for themselves.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Why Are Minerals Added Back After RO Seawater Desalination?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To understand this issue, we first need to understand what RO actually does.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seawater naturally contains large amounts of dissolved minerals. Calcium is approximately <strong>400\u2014500 mg\/L<\/strong>, while magnesium is approximately <strong>1200\u20141700 mg\/L<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After reverse osmosis treatment, both calcium and magnesium decrease substantially, typically falling to around <strong>5\u20146 mg\/L<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In other words, RO does not only remove contaminants. It also removes a large amount of dissolved salts and minerals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, seawater desalination is not simply:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Seawater \u2192 RO \u2192 Directly for drinking<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead, it usually also includes subsequent <strong>water stabilization and remineralization treatment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Does Desalinated Water Need Remineralization?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are at least two reasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, after deep desalination, the water contains very few minerals and becomes extremely soft. Its pH, alkalinity, and stability need to be further adjusted; otherwise, the risk of corrosion to water distribution systems may increase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second, calcium and magnesium themselves are also part of human dietary mineral intake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, the seawater desalination industry has developed a relatively mature treatment process:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Seawater \u2192 Pretreatment \u2192 RO Desalination \u2192 Water Quality Adjustment \u2192 Remineralization \u2192 Disinfection \u2192 Drinking Water<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remineralization is not a \u201cmarketing concept.\u201d It is an actual process used in seawater desalination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common methods include passing water through <strong>limestone or dolomite filter beds<\/strong>. Through contact between the water and mineral materials, calcium, magnesium, and other components are reintroduced into the water while improving water stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Why Do Saudi Arabia and Other Gulf Countries Pay Attention to Magnesium in Desalinated Water?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gulf countries have long faced limited natural freshwater resources, so seawater desalination plays an important role in their drinking-water supply systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC) produces approximately <strong>6 million cubic meters of potable water per day<\/strong>, and its product-water specification for magnesium is <strong>15\u201425 mg\/L<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, <strong>since May 2022, a desalination plant on the Red Sea has supplied magnesium-enriched water to approximately 1.3 million people, at an additional cost of only $0.007 per cubic meter.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is interesting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If minerals in drinking water had absolutely no value, then why would a country that processes millions of cubic meters of desalinated water every day invest additional resources in adjusting the mineral content?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The answer is not that \u201cdrinking water can replace food.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real logic is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Although minerals in drinking water are not the only source of mineral intake for the human body, they are a stable and continuous source of intake and therefore cannot simply be regarded as meaningless components during drinking-water treatment.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. What Do Different Organizations and Standards Say About Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking Water?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Putting different sources together makes the issue clearer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to a compilation of review materials, including the <em>Journal of Environmental Health<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Organization \/ Standard<\/th><th>Requirements for Calcium and Magnesium<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>WHO 2005 Expert Group Report<\/td><td>Calcium minimum approximately 20 mg\/L, magnesium approximately 10 mg\/L; suitable calcium 40\u201480 mg\/L and magnesium 20\u201430 mg\/L<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EU Drinking Water Directive<\/td><td>Minimum hardness of desalinated water, expressed as calcium, not less than 60 mg\/L<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China GJB 1335\u201492 (Military Standard)<\/td><td>Calcium 20\u201450 mg\/L, magnesium 10\u201420 mg\/L<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Saudi Arabia<\/td><td>Magnesium \u22655 mg\/L (national guideline value), SWCC internal specification 15\u201425 mg\/L<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These standards and guideline values do not mean that <strong>everyone must obtain a certain amount of minerals from drinking water<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But they do demonstrate one thing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In drinking-water treatment, calcium and magnesium are not components that can simply be ignored.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Especially after deep desalination through RO, minerals in the water are substantially reduced, which is why remineralization has become an important process in seawater desalination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. What Does the WHO Say About Minerals in Drinking Water?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When discussing whether minerals from drinking water have value, we should not look only at claims from the water-purification industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is more meaningful to examine professional organizations and scientific research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2005, the WHO published <em>Nutrients in Drinking Water<\/em>, which specifically discussed minerals such as calcium and magnesium in drinking water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three points are particularly worth noting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Drinking Water Can Contribute to Calcium and Magnesium Intake<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The WHO report states that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Typical intake of calcium and magnesium from drinking water accounts for approximately 5%\u201420% of total intake in adults.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5%\u201420% may not seem particularly high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But an important distinction needs to be made here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cNot the main source\u201d is not the same as \u201chaving no value.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If food provides the majority of a person\u2019s mineral intake, drinking water can still serve as an additional and stable source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking Water Are Epidemiologically Associated With Cardiovascular Health<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The WHO report also states that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>There is \u201csubstantial epidemiological evidence\u201d of an inverse relationship between calcium and magnesium concentrations in drinking water and mortality from ischemic heart disease.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This needs to be interpreted carefully:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Epidemiological association \u2260 proven causation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, it would be incorrect to simply interpret this as \u201cdrinking calcium- and magnesium-containing water can prevent heart disease.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But it would be equally incorrect to argue:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cSince causation has not been established, calcium and magnesium in drinking water have absolutely no value.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scientific evidence should be interpreted according to its level of evidence rather than by selecting only the sentence that supports one\u2019s own position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. The WHO Specifically Discusses Demineralized Water<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The WHO report from 2005 also states that demineralized water, including <strong>pure water, distilled water, and reverse osmosis water<\/strong>, may be <strong>unsuitable for long-term drinking before being remineralized.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one of the most important points in the entire discussion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because one of the major differences between RO water and conventionally filtered water is that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>RO can significantly reduce dissolved minerals in addition to reducing many contaminants.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why \u201cdesalination followed by remineralization\u201d is commonly found in seawater desalination and some RO drinking-water systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Are Minerals in Drinking Water Really Just \u201cOptional\u201d?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The WHO report also mentions a point that is easy to overlook:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a person\u2019s dietary intake is in a state of <strong>deficiency or borderline deficiency<\/strong>, the minerals provided through drinking water may become more important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, cooking food with low-mineral water can affect mineral retention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The report states that when vegetables are cooked using low-mineral water, calcium and magnesium in the food may dissolve into the water, with <strong>losses of up to 60%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So the question is not:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cCan drinking water replace food?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of course it cannot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real question is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cIf drinking water can contribute 5%\u201420% of calcium and magnesium intake in adults, why should this portion be considered completely meaningless?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are two different questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Experimental Data: What Happened After 12 Months of Drinking Four Types of Water?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Epidemiological studies examine long-term population data, while experimental studies can observe differences in drinking water from another perspective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A drinking-water intervention experiment conducted by the team of Shu Weiqun at the Army Medical University was published in the <em>International Journal of Cardiology<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the experiment, New Zealand rabbits were divided into groups and given different water for <strong>12 months<\/strong>, while young men were also divided into groups and consumed the water for <strong>1 month<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Four types of water were used:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tap water: <strong>TDS 229 mg\/L<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Natural water: <strong>87.2 mg\/L<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Artificial mineral water: <strong>10.9 mg\/L<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Purified water: <strong>12 mg\/L<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The results showed that when the four groups were compared horizontally, the <strong>purified-water group showed the clearest signal\u2014an increase in homocysteine<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular risk indicator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of course, scientific rigor is still necessary here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Human population studies demonstrate associations rather than causation, and animal experimental results cannot be directly extrapolated to the incidence of disease in humans.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, when epidemiological associations, animal experiments, and clinical observations point in relatively consistent directions, this at least suggests that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cDrinking pure water is definitely healthier than drinking water containing minerals\u201d is not a conclusion that can be directly established.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Why Is the Statement \u201cMinerals Can Be Obtained From Food\u201d Too General?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one of the most easily overlooked points in the entire debate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many people say:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWho is still nutritionally deficient today? Eating normally every day is enough.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But <strong>excess nutrition and adequate nutrition are not the same thing.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A person can consume excessive calories, fat, and sugar while still having insufficient intake of certain vitamins and minerals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>Report on Nutrition and Chronic Disease Status of Chinese Residents (2020)<\/em> shows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Overweight rate among adults aged 18 and above: <strong>34.3%<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obesity rate: <strong>16.4%<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The proportion of people who are overweight or obese: <strong>more than half<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, the same report also points out that <strong>insufficient intake of vitamin A, calcium, and other nutrients still exists.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, being \u201coverweight\u201d does not prove that a person has adequate mineral intake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Are Chinese Adults Really Not Deficient in Calcium? The Data Do Not Support That Claim<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A survey conducted by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention covering <strong>10 provincial-level administrative regions<\/strong> found that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>96.1%<\/strong> of adults had calcium intake below the average requirement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>64.4%<\/strong> of adults had magnesium intake below the average requirement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Median calcium intake was <strong>288.3 mg<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The recommended intake was <strong>800 mg<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In other words, the median calcium intake in the survey was less than 40% of the recommended amount.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, if a person\u2019s dietary structure already involves insufficient mineral intake, simply telling them:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cMinerals in drinking water are meaningless. Just get everything from food.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">is obviously an overly absolute conclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A more accurate statement would be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Food is one of the major sources of calcium, magnesium, and other minerals, but drinking water can also contribute to mineral intake. For people whose dietary intake is insufficient, this source should not simply be ignored.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Why Might Modern Food Contain Fewer Minerals Than We Assume?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another issue that is often overlooked is the mineral density of food itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Davis team at the University of Texas compared USDA data and found that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Among 43 garden crops, median calcium decreased by 16%, iron by 15%, and riboflavin by 38% from 1950 to 1999.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similar data from the United Kingdom also showed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Magnesium in vegetables decreased by approximately 35%.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers often refer to this phenomenon as the <strong>\u201cdilution effect.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simply put, agricultural production has placed greater emphasis on yield, varieties, and growth rates, while mineral concentrations have not increased at the same pace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This does not mean that today\u2019s vegetables are \u201cunhealthy,\u201d nor does it mean that food produced by modern agriculture is necessarily lacking in nutrients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What it really means is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>We cannot simply assume that \u201cas long as we eat normally, we will definitely get enough of every mineral.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. How Are Calcium and Magnesium in Water Different From Calcium and Magnesium in Food?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another important difference is the form in which minerals exist and their absorption by the human body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Available data indicate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The absorption rate of calcium from food is approximately 28%, while calcium and magnesium in water, when present in ionic form, can have an absorption rate of 50%\u201470%.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This does not mean that drinking water can replace food.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The absolute amount of minerals in water is usually limited, but it has one characteristic:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>It can be consumed continuously every day, and some minerals in water have relatively good bioavailability.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, when this issue is viewed within the overall nutritional system:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Food remains an important source of minerals;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some people already have insufficient intake of calcium, magnesium, and other minerals;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mineral density in food can also be affected by factors such as the \u201cdilution effect\u201d;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Drinking water can contribute approximately 5%\u201420% of calcium and magnesium intake in adults;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Calcium and magnesium in water have relatively good absorption characteristics.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, <strong>there is no need to artificially set \u201cgetting minerals from food\u201d and \u201cgetting minerals from drinking water\u201d against each other.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A more reasonable understanding is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Both are part of the body\u2019s mineral intake system, although their contribution ratios are different.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. Should You Use an RO Water Purifier?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now let\u2019s return to the question that ordinary households care about most:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is RO bad?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the local water source has heavy metals, chemical contamination, high salinity, high hardness, or other issues that require deep treatment, RO is highly valuable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its core advantage is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Using a reverse osmosis membrane to reduce large amounts of dissolved substances in water, thereby achieving deeper purification.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, the primary purpose of RO is not to \u201ccreate healthy water,\u201d but:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>To provide stronger purification when deep removal of dissolved contaminants is necessary.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The issue arises in another situation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the local water source is already compliant, but consumers pursue the idea that \u201cthe purer, the healthier,\u201d they may first use RO to remove large amounts of minerals from the water and then add a remineralization filter after the RO system to put some calcium and magnesium back.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This raises a question worth considering:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why remove them first and then pay to add them back if deep desalination is not necessary?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the water source is in good condition, technologies such as ultrafiltration can reduce turbidity, bacteria, colloids, and other contaminants through physical separation while retaining most of the dissolved minerals in the water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. What Is the Biggest Difference Between Ultrafiltration and RO?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simply put:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ultrafiltration (UF) is not RO.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ultrafiltration primarily uses membrane pore size for physical separation. It can retain suspended solids, colloids, bacteria, and other substances, while it does not perform deep desalination like RO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ultrafiltration does not desalinate, so minerals in the water can naturally remain.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RO, on the other hand, is a deep desalination technology:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Good, bad, necessary, and unnecessary dissolved substances may all be substantially removed during the desalination process.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, there is no simple answer that one technology is \u201calways better\u201d than the other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real questions should be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is your water source? What needs to be removed? What water quality do you ultimately need to achieve?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are the core factors when choosing a water-purification technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. Real Test Data: Does Ultrafiltration Really Retain Minerals?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If someone asks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cYou say ultrafiltration retains minerals. Why should I believe you?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The answer is simple:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>You do not have to believe me. Look at the test report.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The basic principle of membrane separation determines one of the major differences between ultrafiltration and RO in terms of desalination capability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a third-party whole-machine test report:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Raw-water TDS: <strong>531 mg\/L<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TDS after treatment: <strong>519\u2014527 mg\/L<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permanganate index during the same test: decreased from <strong>1.39 to 0.57<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Report number: <strong>\u9752\u73af\u68c0\u5b57\u3014CP251883\u3015\u53f7<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The data show that after passing through the system, TDS remained at a relatively similar level, while the permanganate index decreased significantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is consistent with the technical characteristic of ultrafiltration: <strong>it does not primarily aim to remove dissolved salts, but instead uses membrane separation to remove certain contaminants.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The report number is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u9752\u73af\u68c0\u5b57\u3014CP251883\u3015\u53f7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The relevant data can be verified through publicly available testing materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14. So, Does Getting Minerals From Drinking Water Really Matter?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now we can summarize the entire issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Saying that <strong>\u201cminerals are mainly obtained from food\u201d<\/strong> is correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Saying that <strong>\u201cdrinking water cannot replace food\u201d<\/strong> is also correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But using these two statements to conclude:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cTherefore, minerals in drinking water have no value.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">does not logically follow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">WHO data show that minerals in drinking water can contribute <strong>5%\u201420%<\/strong> of adult calcium and magnesium intake. Relevant Chinese CDC surveys show that insufficient calcium and magnesium intake among adults still exists. At the same time, RO and the seawater desalination industry have long used the practical process of \u201cremineralization after desalination.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, a more accurate conclusion is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Minerals in drinking water are not the main source of mineral intake for the human body, but they are a real, usable, and potentially meaningful supplementary source, particularly for certain populations and under specific water-source conditions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15. Conclusion: RO Is Not Useless\u2014But \u201cPurer\u201d Should Not Automatically Mean \u201cHealthier\u201d<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">My position on RO water purifiers is not that \u201cRO is bad.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the contrary:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>When the water source contains heavy metals, chemical contamination, high salinity, high hardness, or other issues, RO is a highly valuable deep water-purification technology.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But if the water source is already compliant, and the water is first stripped of its minerals and then partially remineralized through an additional filter, consumers should seriously consider:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is it really necessary to remove the minerals first and then pay to add some of them back?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, the logic behind household drinking-water selection should not be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cThe purer, the better.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It should instead be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cFirst assess the water source, then determine what needs to be removed, and finally choose the appropriate filtration technology.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, the Guangzhou Northern Water Plant uses ultrafiltration technology to supply water to <strong>1.5 million people<\/strong>, with treated-water turbidity remaining stable at <strong>below 0.1 NTU<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The characteristics of ultrafiltration are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Retaining minerals in the water while reducing certain bacteria, colloids, and other particulate contaminants through membrane separation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RO, on the other hand, is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A technology that performs deep desalination and removes a much larger proportion of dissolved substances from the water.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The two technologies solve different problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, when you next see:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cGetting minerals from drinking water has no value.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">you can first ask:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cIf calcium and magnesium in drinking water really had no value at all, why do countries that adopted RO seawater desalination technology on a large scale relatively early specifically add minerals back after desalination?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That question may be more worth answering seriously than simply saying, \u201cMinerals can be obtained from food.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQ: Common Questions About RO, Ultrafiltration, and Minerals in Drinking Water<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q1: Will drinking purified water for a long time really cause mineral deficiency?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A: Drinking it occasionally is generally not a problem, but if highly demineralized water is the only drinking water consumed over the long term, the individual\u2019s overall diet and water quality should be considered.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The WHO report states that demineralized water <strong>may not be suitable for long-term drinking<\/strong> before being remineralized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, Chinese CDC-related data show that <strong>96.1% of adults had calcium intake below the average requirement, while 64.4% had magnesium intake below the average requirement.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, for people who already have insufficient dietary mineral intake, completely eliminating minerals from drinking water as an additional source has no strong basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of course, this does not mean that \u201cdrinking purified water will definitely cause mineral deficiency.\u201d The human body obtains most minerals from food, and overall dietary structure remains the key factor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q2: Is the remineralization filter in an RO water purifier useful?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A: The purpose of a remineralization filter is to add some minerals back after deep desalination by RO.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From a technical perspective, if the water produced by RO does not need minerals, then there would be no need for a remineralization filter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, whether a remineralization filter is actually necessary depends on the raw-water quality, the degree of desalination of the RO membrane, the specific materials used in the remineralization filter, and the actual output-water indicators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consumers should not simply look at the word \u201cremineralization.\u201d They should examine the actual test data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q3: Can purified water be used to prepare infant formula?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A: Highly demineralized water is not recommended as the long-term daily water source for preparing infant formula.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It may be used in emergencies, but for daily formula preparation, <strong>boiled and cooled compliant tap water<\/strong> is generally recommended. Specific instructions should follow the formula manufacturer\u2019s directions and the advice of a pediatrician.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Infant drinking water and adult drinking water have different safety considerations, so adult water-purification logic should not simply be applied to infants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q4: What kind of water can provide minerals?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A: Compliant tap water that meets GB 5749\u20142022 can naturally contain minerals such as calcium and magnesium.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If it is treated through <strong>0.01-micron ultrafiltration<\/strong>, minerals can be retained without desalination while certain bacteria and colloids are reduced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, it is important to emphasize:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tap-water quality is not exactly the same in every region.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, before choosing a water-purification solution, you should first understand the local water source and water-quality conditions, and then decide whether ultrafiltration, activated carbon, RO, or another treatment method is appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Q5: Can ultrafiltration really retain minerals?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A: From the perspective of membrane separation principles, one of the major differences between ultrafiltration and RO is that ultrafiltration generally does not aim to desalinate.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether a specific system actually retains minerals can also be verified through testing data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A third-party whole-machine test report shows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Raw-water TDS: <strong>531 mg\/L<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TDS after treatment: <strong>519\u2014527 mg\/L<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permanganate index: decreased from <strong>1.39 to 0.57<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Report number: <strong>\u9752\u73af\u68c0\u5b57\u3014CP251883\u3015\u53f7<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">TDS remained at a similar level, while the permanganate index decreased significantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, instead of simply trusting a brand\u2019s marketing claims, it is better to examine the product\u2019s third-party test reports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Final Summary<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Food is the main source of mineral intake, but that does not mean minerals in drinking water have no value.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The value of RO lies in deep removal of dissolved contaminants, while one advantage of ultrafiltration is that it can <strong>reduce certain contaminants while retaining dissolved minerals in the water<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, the truly reasonable approach to drinking water is not:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cRO is always better\u201d or \u201cultrafiltration is always better.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>First look at the water source, then identify the contaminants, and finally determine how deep the filtration needs to be.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a compliant water source, if deep desalination is unnecessary, there is no need to remove all the minerals simply for the sake of making the water \u201cpurer.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For water sources that genuinely require deep purification, RO remains a highly important technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Getting minerals from drinking water is not a substitute for nutritional intake from food, but there is also no reason to claim that it has \u201cno value at all.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Does Drinking Water Really Have No Value for Mineral Supplementation? Understanding Calcium and Magnesium Through RO Desalination and Remineralization There is a very popular claim online: \u201cMinerals can be obtained from food, so there is no real value in getting minerals from drinking water.\u201d This argument may sound reasonable, but when we look at it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-factory-diary"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Does Drinking Water Really Have No Value for Mineral Supplementation? Understanding Calcium and Magnesium Through RO Desalination and Remineralization There is a very popular claim online: \u201cMinerals can be obtained from food, so there is no real value in getting minerals from drinking water.\u201d This argument may sound reasonable, but when we look at it\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ChengRongTimes\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chengrongtimes.com\/?p=1180\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ChengrongTimes | Whole House Water Filtration System &amp; Mineral-retaining Under Sink Water Filter, Vertically Integrated UF Manufacturer Since 2008\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Drinking Water Minerals: RO vs. Ultrafiltration | ChengrongTimes\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Does Drinking Water Really Have No Value for Mineral Supplementation? Understanding Calcium and Magnesium Through RO Desalination and Remineralization There is a very popular claim online: \u201cMinerals can be obtained from food, so there is no real value in getting minerals from drinking water.\u201d This argument may sound reasonable, but when we look at it\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.chengrongtimes.com\/?p=1180\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-06T00:11:14+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-06T00:11:16+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Drinking Water Minerals: RO vs. Ultrafiltration | ChengrongTimes\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Does Drinking Water Really Have No Value for Mineral Supplementation? 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